스포츠 토토 적중 결과 Caloritronics
관련링크
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" The 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 degree of freedom of the electron affects not only charge, but also heat and thermoelectric transport, leading to new effects in small structures that are studied in the field of 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 caloritronics (from calor, the Latin word for heat).
This lecture addresses the basic physics of 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 caloritronics. Starting with an introduction into thermoelectrics and Onsager’s reciprocity relations, the generalization to include the 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 dependence in the presence of metallic ferromagnets will be addressed. Using this foundation I will describe several recently discovered 스포츠 토토 적중 결과-dependent effects in metallic nanostructures and tunneling junctions as well as a zoo of 스포츠 토토 적중 결과-related thermal Hall effects in terms of a two 스포츠 토토 적중 결과-current model of non-interacting electrons (an overview of the recent literature is given in Ref. 1).
Next, I will argue that different classes of 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 caloritronic effects exists that can be explained only by the collective 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 dynamics in ferromagnets. The thermal 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 transfer torque that allows excitation and switching of the magnetization in 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 valves as well as the operation of nanoscale heat engines is complemented by thermal 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 pumping. The latter generates the so-called 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 Seebeck effect, which is generated by a heat current-induced non-equilibrium of magnons at a contact between an insulating or conducting ferromagnet and a normal metal. Under these conditions a net 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 current is injected or extracted from the normal metal that can be detected by the inverse 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 Hall effect.
Both classes can be formulated by scattering theory of transport in the adiabatic approximation for the magnetization dynamics and computed in terms of material-dependent electronic structures. Further issues to be addressed are the relation between electric, thermal and acoustic actuation, as well as the application potential of 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 caloritronics.
[1] G.E.W. Bauer, in 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 Currents, edited by S. Maekawa, E. Saitoh, S. Valenzuela and Y. Kimura (Oxford University Press, in press), arXiv:1107.4395."
This lecture addresses the basic physics of 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 caloritronics. Starting with an introduction into thermoelectrics and Onsager’s reciprocity relations, the generalization to include the 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 dependence in the presence of metallic ferromagnets will be addressed. Using this foundation I will describe several recently discovered 스포츠 토토 적중 결과-dependent effects in metallic nanostructures and tunneling junctions as well as a zoo of 스포츠 토토 적중 결과-related thermal Hall effects in terms of a two 스포츠 토토 적중 결과-current model of non-interacting electrons (an overview of the recent literature is given in Ref. 1).
Next, I will argue that different classes of 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 caloritronic effects exists that can be explained only by the collective 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 dynamics in ferromagnets. The thermal 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 transfer torque that allows excitation and switching of the magnetization in 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 valves as well as the operation of nanoscale heat engines is complemented by thermal 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 pumping. The latter generates the so-called 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 Seebeck effect, which is generated by a heat current-induced non-equilibrium of magnons at a contact between an insulating or conducting ferromagnet and a normal metal. Under these conditions a net 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 current is injected or extracted from the normal metal that can be detected by the inverse 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 Hall effect.
Both classes can be formulated by scattering theory of transport in the adiabatic approximation for the magnetization dynamics and computed in terms of material-dependent electronic structures. Further issues to be addressed are the relation between electric, thermal and acoustic actuation, as well as the application potential of 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 caloritronics.
[1] G.E.W. Bauer, in 스포츠 토토 적중 결과 Currents, edited by S. Maekawa, E. Saitoh, S. Valenzuela and Y. Kimura (Oxford University Press, in press), arXiv:1107.4395."
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